scopoli

Pozdravljeni! Zanima me, če je kaj novga o tej temi v slovenskem prostoru.Vnaprej hvala za informacije. P.S: Prilagam nekaj citatov v zvezi z imidaklopridom, člankov pa nimam. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2004 Feb;72(2):283-8. Related Articles, Links Persistence of imidacloprid in/on cabbage and cauliflower. Gajbhiye VT, Gupta S, Gupta RK J Econ Entomol. 2003 Dec;96(6):1805-13. Related Articles, Links Predatory fauna in cornfields and response to imidacloprid seed treatment. Albajes R, Lopez C, Pons X Ann Pharm Fr. 2004 Jan;62(1):29-35. Related Articles, Links [systemic insecticides: new risk for pollinator insects] [Article in French] Charvet R, Katouzian-Safadi M, Colin ME, Marchand PA, Bonmatin JM. Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS et Universite Orleans, F45071 Orleans Cedex 02. Imidacloprid, a new systemic insecticide used as seed-dressing, has been widely used in France since 1994. Its application mode and its efficiency allow a significant reduction in comparison with the usual quantity of chemicals used during pulverising treatment. But the insecticide imidacloprid is suspected to have harmful effects on the pollinators as many bees have died since its introduction. Recent studies have shown that imidacloprid has chronic and sub-lethal toxicities at levels of micro g/kg or less. It was therefore necessary to detect imidacloprid at these levels in soils, plants, flowers, and pollens. With this aim, we characterised the bio-availability of imidacloprid in the environment using a new quantitative analytical method, as a basis for the evaluation of the risk for bees. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Dec 31;51(27):8005-10. Related Articles, Links Distribution of [(14)C]imidacloprid in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) following seed treatment. Laurent FM, Rathahao E. INRA, UMR Xenobiotiques, B.P. 3, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31931 Toulouse Cedex 9, France. flaurent@toulouse.inra.fr Effects of imidacloprid and deltamethrin on associative learning in honeybees under semi-field and laboratory conditions Decourtye A, Devillers J, Cluzeau S, Charreton M, Pham-Delegue MH ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 57 (3): 410-419 MAR 2004 Abstract: We have compared the sublethal effects of two insecticides in the honeybee (imidacloprid and deltamethrin) in both semi-field and laboratory conditions. A sugar solution containing 24 mug kg(-1) of imidacloprid or 500 mug kg(-1) of deltamethrin was offered to a colony set in an outdoor flight cage. In contrast to imidacloprid, deltamethrin had lethal effect on workers bees. The contamination of syrup with imidacloprid or deltamethrin induced a decrease in both the foraging activity on the food source and activity at the hive entrance. Negative effects of imidacloprid were also observed in an olfactory learnt discrimination task. Free-flying foragers were taken from the contaminated feeder and subjected to a conditioned proboscis extension response (PER) assay under laboratory conditions. As with free-flying bees, no impact of deltamethrin was found on the learning performances of restrained individuals in the PER procedure, whilst significant effects were found with imidacloprid in both semi-field and laboratory conditions. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Addresses: Pham-Delegue MH, INRA, Lab Neurobiol Comparee Invertebres, BP 23, F-91440 Bures Sur Yvette, France INRA, Lab Neurobiol Comparee Invertebres, F-91440 Bures Sur Yvette, France CTIS, F-69140 Rillieux La Pape, France ACTA, F-75595 Paris, France Mechanism for the differential toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides in the honey bee, Apis mellifera Iwasa T, Motoyama N, Ambrose JT, Roe RM CROP PROTECTION 23 (5): 371-378 MAY 2004 Document type: Article Language: English Abstract: Laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the contact honey bee toxicity of commercial and candidate neonicotinoid insecticides. The nitro-substituted compounds were the most toxic to the honey bee in our laboratory studies with LD50 values of 18 ng/bee for imidacloprid, 22 ng for clothianidin, 30 ng for thiamethoxam, -75, ng for dinotefuran and 138 ng for nitenpyram. The cyano-substituted neonicotinoids exhibited a much lower toxicity with LD50 values for acetamiprid and thiacloprid of 7.1 and 14.6 mug/bee, respectively. Piperonyl, butoxide, triflumizole and propiconazole increased honey bee toxicity of acetamiprid 6.0-, 244- and 105-fold and thiacloprid 154-, 1,141- and 559-fold, respectively, but had a minimal effect on imidacloprid (1.70, 1.85 and 1.52-fold, respectively). The acetamiprid metabolites, N-demethyl acetamiprid, 6-chloro-3-pyridylmethanol and 6-chloro-nicotinic acid when applied topically, produced no mortality at 50 mug/bee. These results suggest that P450s are an important mechanism for acetamiprid and thiacloprid detoxification and their low toxicity to honey bees. When honey bees were placed in cages in forced, contact with alfalfa treated with acetamiprid and the synergist, triflumizole, in combination at their maximum recommended application rates, no mortality was detected above that of the control. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Addresses: Roe RM, N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Dearstyne Entomol Bldg,Campus Box 7647, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA Human intestinal absorption of imidacloprid with Caco-2 cells as enterocyte model Brunet JL, Maresca M, Fantini J, Belzunces LP TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY 194 (1): 1-9 JAN 1 2004 Document type: Article Language: English Abstract: In order to assess the risk to mammals of a chronic exposure to imidacloprid (IMI), we investigated its absorption with the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line. Measurements of transepithelial transport revealed an apparent permeability coefficient of 21.6 x 10(-6) +/- 3.2 x 10(-6) cm/s reflecting a 100% absorption. The comparison of apical to basal (A- and basal to apical (B-A) transports showed that the monolayer presents a basal to apical polarized transport. Studies of apical uptake demonstrated that the transport was concentration-dependent and not saturable from 5 to 200 muM. Arrhenius plot analysis revealed two apparent activation energies, Ea(4-12 degreesC) 63.8 kJ/mol and Ea(12-37 degreesC) 18.2 kJ/mol, suggesting two temperature-dependent processes. IMI uptake was equivalent when it was performed at pH 6.0 or 7.4. Depletion of Na+ from the transport buffer did not affect the uptake, indicating that a sodium-dependent transporter was not involved. Decrease of uptake with sodium-azide or after cell surface trypsin (Ti) treatment suggested the involvement of a trypsin-sensitive ATP-dependent transporter. Investigations on apical efflux demonstrated that initial velocities paralleled the increase of loading concentrations. A cell surface trypsin treatment did not affect the apical efflux. The lack of effect when the efflux was performed against an IMI concentration gradient suggested that an energy-dependent transporter was involved. However, the inhibition of P-glycoproteins (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) by taxol, vincristine, and daunorubicine had no effect on IMI intracellular accumulation suggesting the involvement of transporters distinct from classical ATP binding cassette transport (ABC-transport) systems. All results suggest that IMI is strongly absorbed in vivo by inward and outward active transporters. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Addresses: Belzunces LP, UAPV, INRA, UMR 406, Lab Toxicol Environm, Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon 9, France UAPV, INRA, UMR 406, Lab Toxicol Environm, F-84914 Avignon 9, France Fac Sci & Tech St Jerome, UMR 111, IMRN, Lab Biochim & Physicochim Membranes Biol, F-13397 Marseille, France Metabolism of imidacloprid in Apis mellifera Suchail S, Debrauwer L, Belzunces LP PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 60 (3): 291-296 MAR 2004 Document type: Article Language: English Abstract: Biotransformation of imidacloprid and the appearance of olefin and 5-hydroxyimidacloprid metabolites in the honeybee were studied by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Honeybees were treated orally with imidacloprid at 20 and 50 mug kg(-1) bee. Imidacloprid was metabolised relatively quickly and thoroughly. Twenty minutes after the beginning of imidacloprid ingestion, the sum of the residues from the three compounds amounted to only 70% of the actual given dose. Imidacloprid, S-hydroxyimidacloprid and olefin represented, respectively, 50%, 9% and 8% of the actual ingested dose. Six and 24 h, respectively, after ingestion of imidacloprid at 20 and 50 mug kg(-1) bee, imidacloprid could no longer be detected in the honeybee. Imidacloprid had a half-life ranging between 4.5 and 5 h and was rapidly metabolised into S-hydroxyimidacloprid and olefin. Except 5-hydroxyimidacloprid in the 20 mug kg(-1) treatment, these two metabolites presented a peak value 4 h after ingestion of the 20 and 50 mug kg(-1) doses. This time fully coincided with the appearance of mortality induced by imidacloprid after acute oral intoxication. These results suggested that the immediate neurotoxicity symptoms are due to the action of imidacloprid, whereas 5-hydroxyimidacloprid and/or olefin are involved in honeybee mortality. In addition, it was likely that the 30% of residues undetected 20 min after intoxication were imidacloprid metabolites, although not 5-hydroxyimidacloprid or olefin. Thus, 5-hydroxyimidacloprid and olefin could not be the major metabolites in the worker bees. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry. Addresses: Suchail S, UAPV, INRA, Lab Pollinisat Entomophile, UMR 406, Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon 09, France UAPV, INRA, Lab Pollinisat Entomophile, UMR 406, F-84914 Avignon 09, France INRA, ENVT, ENSAT, INPT Xenobiot,UMR, F-31931 Toulouse, France Imidacloprid impairs memory and brain metabolism in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Decourtye A, Armengaud C, Renou M, Devillers J, Cluzeau S, Gauthier M, Pham-Delegue MH PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 78 (2): 83-92 FEB 2004 Document type: Article Language: English Abstract: Imidacloprid is a chloronicotinyl insecticide which interacts with insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Thirty minutes after oral treatment of honeybees with imidacloprid, the olfactory learning performances in a proboscis extension reflex (PER) procedure were impaired. In parallel, an increase of the cytochrome oxidase labelling was found into the calyces of the mushroom bodies. Imidacloprid administered 15 min or 1 h after a one-trial conditioning of PER impaired the medium-term olfactory memory. By contrast, the short-term (30 s or 3 min conditioning-treatment time interval) and long-term (24h conditioning-treatment time interval) memories were unaffected. The impairment of medium-term olfactory memory by imidacloprid is discussed in the context of neural circuits suspected to mediate memory formation in the honeybee brain. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Addresses: Decourtye A, ACTA, 18 Ave Monts Or, F-69890 La Tour Salvagny, France ACTA, F-69890 La Tour Salvagny, France Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr Rech Cognit Anim, F-31062 Toulouse, France INRA, Unite Phytopharm & Med Chim, F-78026 Versailles, France CTIS, F-69140 Rillieux La Pape, France ACTA, F-75595 Paris 12, France INRA, Lab Neurobiol Comparee Invertebres, F-91440 Bures Sur Yvette, France Earthworm behaviour as a biomarker - a case study using imidacloprid Capowiez Y, Rault M, Mazzia C, Belzunces L PEDOBIOLOGIA 47 (5-6): 542-547 2003 Document type: Article Language: English Abstract: To determine whether earthworm behaviour can be used as a biomarker for pollutant effects, an experiment was set up using ®Confidor (imidacloprid) as a model pesticide. The burrowing behaviour of two earthworm species of different ecological types (the anecic Aporrectodea, nocturna and the endogeic Allolobophora, icterica) was studied using 2D terraria. The activity of two classical biochemical markers (AchE and GST activities) was also measured. Imidacloprid had no effect on the biochemical markers in either earthworm species whatever the concentration (0.01, 0.1 and 1 ppm). In contrast, earthworm behaviour changed dramatically in the presence of imidacloprid. Following one week of exposure to the pesticide at two different concentrations (0.5 and 1 ppm), burrow length, the rate of burrow reuse and the distance covered decreased for both species. We conclude that earthworm behaviour is a sensitive biomarker that can be studied with cheap and simple apparatus such as 2D terraria. Addresses: Capowiez Y, UAPV, INRA, UMR Ecol Invertebres, Lab Toxicol Environm, F-84914 Avignon 09, France UAPV, INRA, UMR Ecol Invertebres, Lab Toxicol Environm, F-84914 Avignon 09, France